Stomach Cancer Treatment Singapore
Gastric cancer (Stomach Cancer)
Stomach cancer (Gastric) is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lining of the stomach.
The stomach is a J-shaped organ in the upper abdomen. It is part of the digestive system, which processes nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water) in foods that are eaten and helps pass waste material out of the body. Food moves from the throat to the stomach through a hollow, muscular tube called the esophagus. After leaving the stomach, partly-digested food passes into the small intestine and then into the large intestine.
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The wall of the stomach is made up of 5 layers of tissue. From the innermost layer to the outermost layer, the layers of the stomach wall are: mucosa, submucosa, muscle, subserosa (connective tissue) and serosa. Gastric cancer begins in the mucosa and spreads through the outer layers as it grows.
Stromal tumors of the stomach begin in supporting connective tissue and are treated differently from gastric cancer.
Age, diet, and stomach disease can affect the risk of developing gastric cancer
Risk factors for gastric cancer include the following:​
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Having any of the following medical conditions:
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Helicobacter pylori (pylori) infection of the stomach.
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Chronicgastritis (inflammation of the stomach).
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Pernicious anemia.
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Intestinalmetaplasia (a condition in which the normal stomach lining is replaced with the cells that line the intestines).
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Gastricpolyps.
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Epstein-Barr virus.
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Familial syndromes (including familial adenomatous polyposis).
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Eating a diet high in salted, smoked foods and low in fruits and vegetables.
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Eating foods that have not been prepared or stored properly.
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Being older or male.
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Smoking cigarettes.
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Having a mother, father, sister or brother who has had stomach cancer Singapore.
Symptoms of gastric cancer include indigestion and stomach discomfort or pain
These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by gastric cancer or by other conditions. In the early stages of gastric cancer, there may be no symptoms at all.​
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In other instances the following symptoms may occur:
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Indigestion and stomach discomfort.
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A bloated feeling after eating.
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Mild nausea.
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Loss of appetite.
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In more advanced stages of gastric cancer, the following signs and symptoms may occur:​
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Blood in the stool.
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Vomiting.
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Weight loss for no known reason.
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Stomach pain.
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Jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin).
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Ascites (build-up of fluid in the abdomen).
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Trouble swallowing.
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Tests that examine the stomach and esophagus are used to diagnose gastric cancer
The following tests and procedures may be used:​
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Physical exam and health history
An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.​
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Blood chemistry studies
A procedure in which a blood sample is checked to measure the amounts of certain substances released into the blood by organs and tissues in the body. An unusual (higher or lower than normal) amount of a substance can be a sign of disease.​
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Complete blood count (CBC)​
A procedure in which a sample of blood is drawn and checked for the following:
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The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
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The amount of hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen) in the red blood cells.
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The portion of the sample made up of red blood cells.
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Gastroscopy
A procedure to look inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (first part of the small intestine) to check for abnormal areas. An endoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is passed through the mouth and down the throat into the esophagus.​
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Barium swallow
A series of x-rays of the esophagus and stomach. The patient drinks a liquid that contains barium (a silver-white metallic compound). The liquid coats the esophagus and stomach, and x-rays are taken. This procedure is also called an upper GI series. Barium swallow for stomach cancer Singapore. The patient swallows barium liquid and it flows through the esophagus and into the stomach. X-rays are taken to look for abnormal areas.​
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CT scan (CAT scan)
A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerised tomography or computerised axial tomography.
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Biopsy
The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for signs of cancer. A biopsy of the stomach is usually done during the endoscopy. The sample of tissue may also be checked for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The sample of tissue may be checked to measure how many HER2 genes there are and how much HER2 protein is being made. If there are more HER2 genes or higher levels of HER2 protein than normal, the cancer is called HER2 positive. HER2-positive gastric cancer may be treated with a monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2 protein.
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Get checked with GASTROClear at a specialist clinic, Stomach cancer in Singapore is usually most treatable when it is found early,
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options
The prognosis and treatment options depend on the following:
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The stage of the cancer (whether it is in the stomach only or has spread to lymph nodes or other places in the body).
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The patient’s general health.
When gastric cancer is found very early, there is a better chance of recovery. Gastric cancer is often in an advanced stage when it is diagnosed.
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Relative risk of health problems associated with obesity
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The effect of obesity on the development of health risks
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Effect of extreme obesity on life expectancy
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Definitions. BMI Body Comparison
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What are the benefits of losing excess weight
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Why is losing excess weight important
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Why is it hard to lose weight by dieting